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Books and LiteratureBook Review--The Guermantes WayPosted by Pejman Yousefzadeh on Tue May 13, 2008 at 01:04:03 AM EST
The Guermantes Way is the third volume of the Modern Library's six-volume edition of Marcel Proust's In Search of Lost Time series. It relates the narrator's involvement in the salons of the highest echelons of Parisian society and discusses to great and fascinating length the nature of the personalities present in the salons--most notably that of the Duchesse de Guermantes, who the narrator was in love with until his mother disabused him of the silly notion that to loiter outside in hopes of catching the eye of the Duchesse was to make her love him eventually. While the interplay at the salons makes up the guts of the book, the story revolves in large part around the Dreyfus Affair and the divisions the debate between the Dreyfusards and the Anti-Dreyfusards created in Parisian society.
Much of the tendentiousness inherent in the play-by-play of the interactions between the royalty and aristocracy with whom the narrator spends his time is likely best excused as a way to convey to the reader the narrator's own disenchantment with the Guermantes and the high society he worked so hard to become a part of. The insensitivity and callousness of the salons are made clear in the Guermantes' reaction to Swann's revelation that he is dying and therefore cannot join the Guermantes on a journey they ask him to attend. Without a shred of sensitivity, the Guermantes announce that they simply do not believe that Swann is dying and that they will take up the matter with him after attending a party (a party that M. de Guermantes is eager to attend instead of standing vigil at the side of a dying friend). The narrator's examination of Parisian society is almost clinical and scientific in its scope, but as always, Proust is able to inject astonishing descriptive powers to his prose, and he makes clear that like Nietzsche and Dostoyevsky, Proust can best be understood as a philosopher and psychologist. More than a writer, he is a natural examiner of the human condition and as with his previous volumes, The Guermantes Way oftentimes prompts nods of recognition from the reader in response to a particular passage or observation. So long as the reader is personally addressed in this manner, he or she will continue to remain engaged in the story and it is testament to Proust's skill and power that he is able to ensure the reader's engagement concerning a subject matter--the ins and outs of Parisian high society--whose tendentiousness will, in the hands of a lesser writer, utterly turn the reader off and cause him or her to give up on the writing altogether. Poem Of The DayPosted by Pejman Yousefzadeh on Sun May 11, 2008 at 10:12:30 PM EST
But most by Numbers judge a Poet's song;
And smooth or rough, with them, is right or wrong: In the bright Muse tho' thousand charms conspire, Her voice is all these tuneful fools admire; Who haunt Parnassus but to please their ear, Not mend their minds; as some to church repair, Not for the doctrine but the music there. These equal syllables alone require, Tho' oft the ear the open vowels tire; While expletives their feeble aid do join; And ten low words oft creep in one dull line: While they ring round the same unvary'd chimes, With sure returns of still expected rhymes; Where'er you find "the cooling western breeze," In the next line it "whispers through the trees" If crystal streams "with pleasing murmurs creep" The reader's threaten'd (not in vain) with "sleep": Then, at the last and only couplet fraught With some unmeaning thing they call a thought, A needless Alexandrine ends the song That, like a wounded snake, drags its slow length along. --Alexander Pope, "But most by numbers" from Essay on Criticism. Poem Of The DayPosted by Pejman Yousefzadeh on Sun May 11, 2008 at 12:58:55 AM EST
Nature's first green is gold,
Her hardest hue to hold. Her early leafs a flower; But only so an hour. Then leaf subsides to leaf. So Eden sank to grief, So dawn goes down to day. Nothing gold can stay. --Robert Frost, Nothing Gold Can Stay. Poem Of The DayPosted by Pejman Yousefzadeh on Sat May 10, 2008 at 12:45:33 AM EST
When I consider how my light is spent,
Ere half my days in this dark world and wide, And that one talent which is death to hide Lodged with me useless, though my soul more bent To serve therewith my Maker, and present My true account, lest He returning chide; "Doth God exact day-labor, light denied?" I fondly ask. But Patience, to prevent That murmur, soon replies, "God doth not need Either man's work or His own gifts. Who best Bear His mild yoke, they serve Him best. His state Is kingly: thousands at His bidding speed, And post o'er land and ocean without rest; They also serve who only stand and wait." --John Milton, When I Consider How My Light Is Spent. Poem Of The Day (Delayed Thursday Edition)Posted by Pejman Yousefzadeh on Fri May 09, 2008 at 01:12:46 AM EST
When you are old and gray and full of sleep,
And nodding by the fire, take down this book, And slowly read, and dream of the soft look Your eyes had once, and of their shadows deep;
How many loved your moments of glad grace,
And bending down beside the glowing bars, --William Butler Yeats, When You Are Old. Poem Of The DayPosted by Pejman Yousefzadeh on Wed May 07, 2008 at 12:26:36 AM EST
His Grace! impossible! what dead!
Of old age too, and in his bed! And could that mighty warrior fall? And so inglorious, after all! Well, since he's gone, no matter how, The last loud trump must wake him now: And, trust me, as the noise grows stronger, He'd wish to sleep a little longer. And could he be indeed so old As by the newspapers we're told? Threescore, I think, is pretty high; 'Twas time in conscience he should die. This world he cumbered long enough; He burnt his candle to the snuff; And that's the reason, some folks think, He left behind so great a s---k. Behold his funeral appears, Nor widow's sighs, nor orphan's tears, Wont at such times each heart to pierce, Attend the progress of his hearse. But what of that, his friends may say, He had those honors in his day. True to his profit and his pride, He made them weep before he died. Come hither, all ye empty things, Ye bubbles raised by breath of kings; Who float upon the tide of state, Come hither, and behold your fate. Let pride be taught by this rebuke, How very mean a thing's a Duke; From all his ill-got honors flung, Turned to that dirt from whence he sprung. --Jonathan Swift, A Satirical Elegy on the Death of a Late Famous General. Poem Of The Day (Delayed Monday Edition)Posted by Pejman Yousefzadeh on Tue May 06, 2008 at 01:04:20 AM EST
Through me the way is to the city dolent;
Through me the way is to eternal dole; Through me the way among the people lost.
Justice incited my sublime Creator;
Before me there were no created things,
These words in somber color I beheld
And he to me, as one experienced:
We to the place have come, where I have told thee
And after he had laid his hand on mine
There sighs, complaints, and ululations loud
Languages diverse, horrible dialects,
Made up a tumult that goes whirling on
And I, who had my head with horror bound,
And he to me: This miserable mode
Commingled are they with that caitiff choir
The heavens expelled them, not to be less fair;
And I: O Master, what so grievous is
These have no longer any hope of death;
No fame of them the world permits to be;
And I, who looked again, beheld a banner,
And after it there came so long a train
When some among them I had recognized.
Forthwith I comprehended, and was certain,
These miscreants, who never were alive,
These did their faces irrigate with blood,
And when to gazing farther I betook me.
That I may know who these are, and what law
And he to me: These things shall all be known
Then with mine eyes ashamed and downward cast,
And lo! towards us coming in a boat
Hope nevermore to look upon the heavens;
And thou, that yonder standest, living soul,
He said: By other ways, by other ports
And unto him the Guide: Vex thee not, Charon;
Thereat were quieted the fleecy cheeks
But all those souls who weary were and naked
God they blasphemed and their progenitors,
Thereafter all together they drew back,
Charon the demon, with the eyes of glede,
As in the autumn-time the leaves fall off,
In similar wise the evil seed of Adam
So they depart across the dusky wave,
My son, the courteous Master said to me,
And ready are they to pass o'er the river,
This way there never passes a good soul;
This being finished, all the dusk champaign
The land of tears gave forth a blast of wind, And as a man whom sleep hath seized I fell. --Dante Alighieri, The Divine Comedy, Inferno, Canto III (translated by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow). Poem Of The DayPosted by Pejman Yousefzadeh on Sun May 04, 2008 at 10:15:51 PM EST
I
Where the wings of a sunny Dome expand II
Later, and it streamed in fight III
Yet later, and the silk did wind IV
But from the trance she sudden broke- --Herman Melville, America. Poem Of The Day (Delayed Saturday Edition)Posted by Pejman Yousefzadeh on Sun May 04, 2008 at 01:13:00 AM EST
Half a league, half a league,
Half a league onward, All in the valley of Death Rode the six hundred. "Forward, the Light Brigade! Charge for the guns!" he said: Into the valley of Death Rode the six hundred.
"Forward, the Light Brigade!"
Cannon to right of them,
Flash'd all their sabres bare,
Cannon to right of them,
When can their glory fade? --Alfred Lord Tennyson, The Charge of the Light Brigade. Poem Of The DayPosted by Pejman Yousefzadeh on Wed Apr 30, 2008 at 11:02:24 PM EST
I.
How happy he, who free from care The rage of courts, and noise of towns; Contented breathes his native air, In his own grounds.
II.
III.
IV.
V. --Alexander Pope, Ode on Solitude. Poem Of The DayPosted by Pejman Yousefzadeh on Tue Apr 29, 2008 at 11:58:59 PM EST
Am I alone
And unobserved? I am!
Then let me own
This air severe
This cynic smile
This costume chaste
Let me confess!
If you're anxious for to shine in the high aesthetic line as a man of culture rare,
Be eloquent in praise of the very dull old days which have long since passed
Then a sentimental passion of a vegetable fashion must excite your languid --W.S. Gilbert, If You're Anxious for to Shine in the High Aesthetic Line. Poem Of The DayPosted by Pejman Yousefzadeh on Mon Apr 28, 2008 at 11:04:50 PM EST
They flee from me that sometime did me seek
With naked foot stalking in my chamber. I have seen them gentle tame and meek That now are wild and do not remember That sometime they put themselves in danger To take bread at my hand; and now they range Busily seeking with a continual change.
Thanked be fortune, it hath been otherwise
It was no dream, I lay broad waking. --Thomas Wyatt, They Flee from Me. Poem Of The DayPosted by Pejman Yousefzadeh on Sat Apr 26, 2008 at 09:41:31 PM EST
So, we'll go no more a roving
So late into the night, Though the heart be still as loving, And the moon be still as bright.
For the sword outwears its sheath,
Though the night was made for loving, --Lord Byron, So we'll go no more a roving. Poem Of The DayPosted by Pejman Yousefzadeh on Sat Apr 26, 2008 at 01:13:10 AM EST
Methought I saw the grave where Laura lay,
Within that temple where the vestal flame Was wont to burn; and, passing by that way, To see that buried dust of living fame, Whose tomb fair Love, and fairer Virtue kept: All suddenly I saw the Fairy Queen; At whose approach the soul of Petrarch wept, And, from thenceforth, those Graces were not seen: For they this queen attended; in whose stead Oblivion laid him down on Laura's hearse: Hereat the hardest stones were seen to bleed, And groans of buried ghosts the heavens did pierce: Where Homer's spright did tremble all for grief, And cursed the access of that celestial thief! --Sir Walter Raleigh, A Vision upon the Fairy Queen. Poem Of The DayPosted by Pejman Yousefzadeh on Fri Apr 25, 2008 at 12:03:01 AM EST
If you can keep your head when all about you
Are losing theirs and blaming it on you; If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you, But make allowance for their doubting too; If you can wait and not be tired by waiting, Or, being lied about, don't deal in lies, Or, being hated, don't give way to hating, And yet don't look too good, nor talk too wise;
If you can dream--and not make dreams your master;
If you can make one heap of all your winnings
If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue, --Rudyard Kipling, If. Poem Of The Day (Celebrating My Hometown Edition)Posted by Pejman Yousefzadeh on Wed Apr 23, 2008 at 10:33:53 PM EST
Hog Butcher for the World,
Tool Maker, Stacker of Wheat, Player with Railroads and the Nation's Freight Handler; Stormy, husky, brawling, City of the Big Shoulders:
They tell me you are wicked and I believe them, for I have seen your --Carl Sandburg, Chicago. Poem Of The DayPosted by Pejman Yousefzadeh on Tue Apr 22, 2008 at 02:22:20 PM EST
Loving in truth, and fain in verse my love to show,
That she dear she might take some pleasure of my pain, Pleasure might cause her read, reading might make her know, Knowledge might pity win, and pity grace obtain, I sought fit words to paint the blackest face of woe: Studying inventions fine, her wits to entertain, Oft turning others' leaves, to see if thence would flow Some fresh and fruitful showers upon my sunburned brain. But words came halting forth, wanting Invention's stay; Invention, Nature's child, fled stepdame Study's blows; And others' feet still seemed but strangers in my way. Thus, great with child to speak, and helpless in my throes, Biting my truant pen, beating myself for spite: "Fool," said my Muse to me, "look in thy heart, and write." --Sir Philip Sidney, from Astrophil and Stella. Poem Of The DayPosted by Pejman Yousefzadeh on Mon Apr 21, 2008 at 11:45:06 PM EST
If ever two were one, then surely we.
If ever man were loved by wife, then thee; If ever wife was happy in a man, Compare with me ye women if you can. I prize thy love more than whole mines of gold, Or all the riches that the East doth hold. My love is such that rivers cannot quench, Nor ought but love from thee give recompense. Thy love is such I can no way repay; The heavens reward thee manifold, I pray. Then while we live, in love let's so persever, That when we live no more we may live ever. --Anne Bradstreet, To My Dear and Loving Husband. Poem Of The DayPosted by Pejman Yousefzadeh on Sun Apr 20, 2008 at 07:07:17 PM EST
What dire offense from amorous causes springs,
What mighty contests rise from trivial things, I sing--This verse to Caryll, Muse! is due: This, even Belinda may vouchsafe to view: Slight is the subject, but not so the praise, If she inspire, and he approve my lays. Say what strange motive, Goddess! could compel A well-bred lord to assault a gentle belle? Oh, say what stranger cause, yet unexplored, Could make a gentle belle reject a lord? In tasks so bold can little men engage, And in soft bosoms dwells such mighty rage? Sol through white curtains shot a timorous ray, And oped those eyes that must eclipse the day. Now lapdogs give themselves the rousing shake, And sleepless lovers just at twelve awake: Thrice rung the bell, the slipper knocked the ground, And the pressed watch returned a silver sound. Belinda still her downy pillow pressed, Her guardian Sylph prolonged the balmy rest: 'Twas he had summoned to her silent bed The morning dream that hovered o'er her head. A youth more glittering than a birthnight beau (That even in slumber caused her cheek to glow) Seemed to her ear his winning lips to lay, And thus in whispers said, or seemed to say: "Fairest of mortals, thou distinguished care Of thousand bright inhabitants of air! If e'er one vision touched thy infant thought, Of all the nurse and all the priest have taught, Of airy elves by moonlight shadows seen, The silver token, and the circled green, Or virgins visited by angel powers, With golden crowns and wreaths of heavenly flowers, Hear and believe! thy own importance know Nor bound thy narrow views to things below. Some secret truths, from learned pride concealed, To maids alone and children are revealed: What though no credit doubting wits may give? The fair and innocent shall still believe. Know, then, unnumbered spirits round thee fly, The light militia of the lower sky: These, though unseen, are ever on the wing, Hang o'er the box, and hover round the Ring. Think what an equipage thou hast in air, And view with scorn two pages and a chair. As now your own, our beings were of old, And once enclosed in woman's beauteous mold; Thence, by a soft transition, we repair From earthly vehicles to these of air. Think not, when woman's transient breath is fled, That all her vanities at once are dead: Succeeding vanities she still regards, And though she plays no more, o'erlooks the cards. Her joy in gilded chariots, when alive, And love of ombre, after death survive. For when the Fair in all her pride expire, To their first elements their souls retire: The sprites of fiery termagants in flame Mount up, and take a Salamander's name. Soft yielding minds to water glide away, And sip, with Nymphs, their elemental tea. The graver prude sinks downward to a Gnome, In search of mischief still on earth to roam. The light coquettes in Sylphs aloft repair, And sport and flutter in the fields of air. "Know further yet; whoever fair and chaste Rejects mankind, is by some Sylph embraced: For spirits, freed from mortal laws, with ease Assume what sexes and what shapes they please. What guards the purity of melting maids, In courtly balls, and midnight masquerades, Safe from the treacherous friend, the daring spark, The glance by day, the whisper in the dark, When kind occasion prompts their warm desires, When music softens, and when dancing fires? 'Tis but their Sylph, the wise Celestials know, Though Honor is the word with men below. "Some nymphs there are, too conscious of their face, For life predestined to the Gnomes' embrace. These swell their prospects and exalt their pride, When offers are disdained, and love denied: Then gay ideas crowd the vacant brain, While peers, and dukes, and all their sweeping train, And garters, stars, and coronets appear, And in soft sounds, 'your Grace' salutes their ear. 'Tis these that early taint the female soul, Instruct the eyes of young coquettes to roll, Teach infant cheeks a bidden blush to know, And little hearts to flutter at a beau. "Oft, when the world imagine women stray, The Sylphs through mystic mazes guide their way, Through all the giddy circle they pursue, And old impertinence expel by new. What tender maid but must a victim fall To one man's treat, but for another's ball? When Florio speaks what virgin could withstand, If gentle Damon did not squeeze her hand? With varying vanities, from every part, They shift the moving toyshop of their heart; Where wigs with wigs, with sword-knots sword-knots strive, Beaux banish beaux, and coaches coaches drive. This erring mortals levity may call; Oh, blind to truth! the Sylphs contrive it all. "Of these am I, who thy protection claim, A watchful sprite, and Ariel is my name. Late, as I ranged the crystal wilds of air, In the clear mirror of thy ruling star I saw, alas! some dread event impend, Ere to the main this morning sun descend, But Heaven reveals not what, or how, or where: Warned by the Sylph, O pious maid, beware! This to disclose is all thy guardian can: Beware of all, but most beware of Man!" --Alexander Pope, The Rape of the Lock, Canto I. Reading HerodotusPosted by Pejman Yousefzadeh on Sat Apr 12, 2008 at 04:41:08 PM EST
Consider first this link. The following jumped out for me:
Herodotus made history by inventing history. There are two senses of "history" in that English sentence, neither of which corresponds to the Greek historia. The first sense seems to me to be a powerful one in public usage. This is the sense involved in such phrases as "making history", "history will show", or "the end of history". Really, this is the way that moderns get at a concept of "fate"--where fate itself is an ossified word that lives, for most people, as something the ancients "believed in". And consider this one as well. Again, the following passage struck me as being especially important:
Perhaps Solon's admonition, "look to the end", best applies to those who are wont to confuse the extravagant external with an internal worth. Surely those who count themselves blessed are not completely aware of their situation. Croesus thought he was the most blessed of all, given his wealth and importance, yet he was deluded and delusional. But when Adrastus "knows within himself" that he was "the heaviest-stricken with calamity", he was smitten with perfect clarity and self-knowledge. Alas, those who think they're God's gift often have misfortune coming to them, but depressed people usually have good reason to be so. Adrastus shows us that there can be a piercingly specific, terribly non-delusional, and altogether internal clarity about one's random and yet genuine misfortune. Read it all. My copy of Herodotus is this one. I look forward to reading it and I imagine that it will be considered a classic translation in the years to come.
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